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Background and purpose: The present study investigated the effect of six weeks of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary indices, physical performance, and quality of life in COVID-19 patients after discharge from hospital. Materials and methods: Thirty six patients with COVID-19 (mean age: 38.76+or-0.98 years, mean weight: 81.86+or-2.88 kg) were selected. At the beginning and end of the study, pulmonary (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and MVV), physical (6-minute walk test), quality of life (SF-36), and anthropometry tests were performed. The patients were divided into three groups: Endurance training (45 minutes at 60-75% estimated HR), Resistance training (45 minutes at 40-70% of I-RM), and controls. The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks (3 sessions). One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Findings indicated a significant increase in FEV1 (P=0.029), FVC (P=0.047), FEV1/FVC (P=0.043) in the endurance training group compared to the control group, while difference was observed in MVV (P=0.041) and FEV1/FVC (P=0.022) between endurance training and resistance training groups. The 6-minute test distance increased in the endurance training (P=0.0001) and resistance training (P=0.001) groups compared to the control group, but no difference was observed between the training groups (P=0.48). Endurance and resistance training programs induced significant improvements in physical performance (P=0.024 and P=0.09, respectively) and general health (P=0.022 and P=0.015, respectively) dimensions compared to the control group. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity endurance training can improve pulmonary function, physical performance, and quality of life in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from hospital and can be used in rehabilitation programs of these patients.
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Background and Aim: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies and is one of the endemic diseases of Iran. With the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic worldwide, the virus will interface with endemic infectious diseases in different regions. In this study, coronavirus disease was evaluated in patients with a history of leishmaniasis referred to the Center of Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy. Methods: A total of 91 patients with a history of leishmaniasis were studied for possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. The number of patients referred to the Center of Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy during the coronavirus epidemic was also compared with the same period before the epidemic Results: A total of 60% of patients with leishmaniasis did not report coronavirus disease. Twenty-one percent of cases had a mild corona disease, 13% had a moderate and 3% had severe corona disease. Only a single death was reported in corona patients with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The number of referrals before the beginning of the corona epidemic was twice as high as during the epidemic. Conclusion: In these participants, mortality and side effects of COVID-19 were significantly less reported. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the immune system and cutaneous leishmaniasis protection against COVID-19. Various factors can be effective in reducing patients during the epidemic, including not going to medical centers, reducing the number of trips, and observance of health issues.
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Background and purpose: The present study investigated the effect of six weeks of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary indices, physical performance, and quality of life in COVID-19 patients after discharge from hospital. Material(s) and Method(s): Thirty six patients with COVID-19 (mean age: 38.76+/-0.98 years, mean weight: 81.86+/-2.88 kg) were selected. At the beginning and end of the study, pulmonary (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and MVV), physical (6-minute walk test), quality of life (SF-36), and anthropometry tests were performed. The patients were divided into three groups: Endurance training (45 minutes at 60-75% estimated HR), Resistance training (45 minutes at 40-70% of I-RM), and controls. The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks (3 sessions). One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Result(s): Findings indicated a significant increase in FEV1 (P=0.029), FVC (P=0.047), FEV1/FVC (P=0.043) in the endurance training group compared to the control group, while difference was observed in MVV (P=0.041) and FEV1/FVC (P=0.022) between endurance training and resistance training groups. The 6-minute test distance increased in the endurance training (P=0.0001) and resistance training (P=0.001) groups compared to the control group, but no difference was observed between the training groups (P=0.48). Endurance and resistance training programs induced significant improvements in physical performance (P=0.024 and P=0.09, respectively) and general health (P=0.022 and P=0.015, respectively) dimensions compared to the control group. Conclusion(s): Moderate-intensity endurance training can improve pulmonary function, physical performance, and quality of life in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from hospital and can be used in rehabilitation programs of these patients.Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Background and purpose: The present study investigated the effect of six weeks of endurance and resistance training on pulmonary indices, physical performance, and quality of life in COVID-19 patients after discharge from hospital. Material(s) and Method(s): Thirty six patients with COVID-19 (mean age: 38.76+/-0.98 years, mean weight: 81.86+/-2.88 kg) were selected. At the beginning and end of the study, pulmonary (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and MVV), physical (6-minute walk test), quality of life (SF-36), and anthropometry tests were performed. The patients were divided into three groups: Endurance training (45 minutes at 60-75% estimated HR), Resistance training (45 minutes at 40-70% of I-RM), and controls. The intervention was conducted for 6 weeks (3 sessions). One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Result(s): Findings indicated a significant increase in FEV1 (P=0.029), FVC (P=0.047), FEV1/FVC (P=0.043) in the endurance training group compared to the control group, while difference was observed in MVV (P=0.041) and FEV1/FVC (P=0.022) between endurance training and resistance training groups. The 6-minute test distance increased in the endurance training (P=0.0001) and resistance training (P=0.001) groups compared to the control group, but no difference was observed between the training groups (P=0.48). Endurance and resistance training programs induced significant improvements in physical performance (P=0.024 and P=0.09, respectively) and general health (P=0.022 and P=0.015, respectively) dimensions compared to the control group. Conclusion(s): Moderate-intensity endurance training can improve pulmonary function, physical performance, and quality of life in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from hospital and can be used in rehabilitation programs of these patients.Copyright © 2023, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Although almost three years have passed since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19), this unprecedented situation is still not under control. Since COVID-19 has the potential to harm the human body, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the outbreak of post-traumatic stress disturbance (PTSD) during the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the search strategy of "novel coronavirus” OR "2019 novel coronavirus” OR "novel coronavirus pneumonia” OR "new coronavirus” OR "coronavirus disease 2019” OR "SARS2” OR "2019-n CoV” OR "SARS-CoV-2” OR "COVID-19” AND "PTSD” OR "PTS” OR "post-traumatic stress” OR "mental disorders”. The exclusion criteria included: a) articles that were not in English or Persian language;b) articles whose full text was not available, c) articles that did not report the prevalence of PTSD, d) articles that were not specific to COVID-19 or included other diseases, e) duplicate publications;f) reviews, s, case reports, case series, and g) studies with target groups other than healthcare workers (HCWs), patients with COVID-19 and general population. After reviewing the articles and checking the exclusion criteria, the full text of 27 articles was reviewed. The studies showed the prevalence of PTSD in the HCW, general population and COVID-19 patients varied from the lowest to the highest as 3.8% to 56.6%, 4.6% to 67.09% and 5.61% to 96.2%, respectively. Given the prevalence of PTSD associated to COVID-19 in the investigated groups, it is recommended to design and implement educational and interventional programs to manage stress and deal with stressful situations such as epidemics. © The Author(s).
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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is being addressed through RT-PCR, a frontline diagnostic technique. We evaluated gene expression patterns to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of current diagnostic tests. We downloaded relevant next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, checked for quality, and mapped them onto the target reference sequence. It was determined that ORF1ab, N, S, and ORF8 genes are mainly expressed based on the results of the quantitative evaluation after normalization by HPRT and elimination of insufficient expression data. ORF8, ORF3a, and M genes were found to have higher expression values than the E gene as a routine RT-PCR detector gene (p*0.05). M gene expression values are also close to ORF8 values. Taking into account the importance of differential expression of genes in the design of diagnostic kits as well as the findings of from this study, it is likely that the M gene is worth further investigation due to its high expression and low mutation rate.
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Introduction: Most areas under spring sugar beet cultivation face severe water restrictions and increasing the area under cultivation of this crop in most of these areas is contrary to the principle of conservation of water and soil resources. The use of new areas for winter sugar beet cultivation should be the area under cultivation of this crop in hot and dry areas. Therefore, winter sowing (pending) of sugar beet with emphasis on the limitations of the country's water resources has been proposed as a solution. Materials and Methods: In this study, the quantitative and qualitative yield of 16 sugar beet genotypes in winter planting were studied as a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Torbat-e-Jam region in the two cropping years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The studied genotypes included F-20739, F-20837, F-21083, SBSI-5, SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD389, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, FDIR 19 B 3021, FDIR 19 B 4028, F-20591, SBSI-6, SBSI-16, SBSI-7 and SBSI-17 are the breeding populations obtained from the gene bank of the Sugar Beet Seed Breeding Research Institute. In this research, traits such as root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, white sugar yield, Na, K, N, alkalinity, molasses sugar, white sugar content, and extraction coefficient of sugar were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1 software. The analysis of variance on test data and comparison to the middle of the Duncan test was performed at the 5% level. Factor analysis was calculated to identify the main factors using MINITAB software. Cluster analysis of the studied genotypes was obtained after standardizing the data by the Ward method and using Euclidean distance criterion with the help of SPSS software. Results and Discussion: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between different genotypes of sugar beet at the level of 1% probability for all studied traits except for nitrogen content. The mean comparison showed that the SBSI-15 genotype had the highest root yield (60.66 ton.ha). It should be noted that this genotype in terms of yield index traits did not show significantly different from genotypes F-20739, SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD389, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, and FDIR 19 B 4028. Also, the F-20739 genotype had the highest amounts of sugar content (19.5%), white sugar content (16.3%) and extraction coefficient of sugar (83.2%) and the lowest amount of potassium (4.24 meq .100 g-1 of root weight) and Molasses sugar (2.7%). In addition, the highest sugar yield (10.69 t/ha) and white sugar yield (8.68 t/ha) were in FDIR 19 B 3021 genotype. Investigating the correlation of traits showed the highest positive and significant correlation was between sugar yield and white sugar yield (0.99**) and the highest negative and significant correlation was between extraction coefficient of sugar and molasses sugar (-0.95**). Principal factor analysis based on the mean of the traits identified three factors that accounted for a total of 91% of the variability between the data. SBSI-15, SVZA 2019-JD0398, SVZA 2019-JD0402, SVZA 2019-JD0400, SVZA 2019-JD0401, FDIR 19 B 3021, and FDIR 19 B 4028 genotypes are distinguished different from other genotypes and they were as superior genotypes in terms of yield index traits. The dendrogram generated from the cluster analysis for white sugar yield classified genotypes into three main groups.
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Awareness of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the airways can be important in the management of patients with underlying disease. Common signs and symptoms that persist over time include fatigue, shortness of breath, coughing, joint pain, and chest pain. Other long-term signs and symptoms may include muscle aches or headaches, rapid or rapid heartbeat, loss of smell or taste, memory problems, difficulty concentrating or sleeping, rashes, and hair loss. The results of studies show that adolescents are much less likely to develop lung problems due to coronavirus infection than others. In addition, the lungs of young people who have recovered from Covid-19 disease appear to be functioning as before. The researchers concluded that the corona virus did not affect adolescents' lung function in the long run.In addition, the coronavirus did not even affect the lung capacity of Covid-19 patients with asthma The results of studies show that the lung function of these people after recovery from Covid-19 disease was the same as before and did not change.The results of another similar study show that Covid-19 disease will not adversely affect the lung function of children and adolescents, as this group of people recover much faster than others and experience a shorter course of the disease.The results of this review article show that the consequences of Covid-19 disease are not limited to the lungs, but can go beyond and affect organs other than the lungs.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had many effects on the process of receiving medical services in patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The focus of all attention and the allocation of resources to control the epidemic has made it difficult for cardiovascular patients to access health services. This study aimed to identify the challenges of providing cardiovascular patients with health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: This applied study was performed via a qualitative descriptive method. Participants included 15 cardiologists, emergency medicine specialists, internal medicine specialists, and cardiac nurses. Collected through semi-structured interviews, the data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA software. Results: In the present study, four categories and nine subcategories were extracted. The categories included lack of resources in the cardiovascular department [lack of physical space, allocation of resources to patients with COVID-19, limitations of equipment and facilities], weaknesses in providing efficient and effective education [fear of disease, lack of sufficient information], weaknesses in the hospital preparedness program [inadequate service delivery planning, inefficient resource management planning], poor quality and quantity of health care services [reduction in the amount of care provided, inadequate and untimely medical care. Conclusion: Providing cardiovascular patients with health services has been challenged due to the simultaneous response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Properly allocating resources, informing and educating the community and medical staff, and developing preparedness programs can help address these challenges and provide cardiovascular patients with optimal health services © 2022, Journal of Health Administration.All Rights Reserved.
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Introduction: There are a limited number of studies about COVID-19 during delivery and postpartum. Case Presentation: A 38-years-old G3p2 woman at 35 weeks and 4 days of gestation was referred with the chief complaints of dyspnea, cough, headache, and fever. Pharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative for COVID-19;however, in chest Computed Tomography (CT) angiography, ground glass was observed in the basal lobe of the left lung. The infant was born via cesarean section with a gestational age of 36 weeks and an Apgar score of 8/9. No infant document was found about COVID-19 and other infections in several days after delivery. The patient died eight days after the onset of symptoms due to cardiovascular collapse. Discussion: we reported the first postpartum maternal death with COVID-19 and a healthy baby with no evidence of COVID-19 and a gestational age of 36 weeks. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware that pregnant women with symptoms of respiratory infection and pulse negative PCR test should be followed for infection with COVID-19. This infection may lead to maternal death.
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Introduction: As the novel coronavirus pandemic continues to affect people worldwide, immune-mediated inflammatory syndromes related to this virus have been reported. SARS Coronavirus-2 infection disease (COVID-19) may accompany various cutaneous symptoms, such as viral exanthems or wheels. These symptoms may occur at the early course of the disease or after that. Cutaneous symptoms of COVID-19 usually have a favorable outcome. Case Presentation: We presented a rare case of inpatient COVID-19 pneumonia, who developed a purpuric rash, abdominal pain, and hematuria. His dermal histopathological study revealed small-vessel vasculitis. We diagnosed Henoch–Schoenlein purpura based on clinical and histopathological findings and treated him with intravenous dexamethasone followed by oral prednisolone. The purpuric rashes disappeared in two weeks. Conclusions: Cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 is usually diffuse maculopapular rashes. Other presentations include vesicular rashes and acral cyanosis. Dermal histopathological study in most patients with COVID-19 who developed cutaneous symptoms revealed perivascular inflammation and microthrombus in some cases. Thus, COVID-19 should be considered in any patient with a new onset of cutaneous symptoms. © 2021, Author(s).
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Background: According to recent reports during the COVID-19 pandemic, malariaendemic regions have a significantly lower COVID-19 case and mortality rate than those malaria-non-endemic. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in malarious areas of southern Iran and the incidence of disease in people previously infected with malaria. Materials and Methods: We conducted an ecological study during the Covid-19 epidemic period in a malaria-endemic area, Hormozgan province, by including all critically ill patients with Covid-19 admitted to hospitals in different counties. The malaria cases were matched in the Covid patient's list. Also, the cumulative incidence and mortality rate of the Covid-19 were calculated in all counties. Results: The results show that malaria-endemic regions have a lower cumulative incidence and mortality rate than the others. Moreover, it was found that people with a history of malaria were not infected with Covid 19. Conclusion: It seems that malaria endemicity may positively affect the lower incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 in malaria-endemic regions. However, further studies must be carried out to confirm the hypothesis that malaria reduces the risk of Covid-19 in other parts of the world. © The Author(s) 2021;All rights reserved.
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), the most frequent cause of acute paralytic neuropathy, is an inflammatory polyneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. Many infectious agents such as Campylobacter jejuni (the most commonly identified bacteria associated with GBS), cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, measles virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumonia, as well as enterovirus D68 and Zika virus and noninfectious agents such as vaccines and surgeries have been reported to trigger GBS. Three main variants of GBS include the classic acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is the most common presentation of GBS, Miller Fisher syndrome, and the recently defined axon loss variants (acute motor axonal neuropathy and acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy). One of the assumptions about the mechanisms of GBS is molecular mimicry, which is a process caused due to the structural resemblance between a microorganism and the host. The original concept of GBS is rooted in molecular mimicry defined as the similarity between the microorganisms' peptide sequences or epitopes and ganglioside sequences or structures. Since the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak in January 2020 there have been cases of GBS reported. Our review aims at providing an overview of some case reports of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-related GBS. Copyright (C) 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Background: There is controversy about the efficacy of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in COVID-19 patients. Some assumed that finasteride might be a risk factor for deterioration and others proposed it as a possible adjunct treatment for moderate to severe COVID-19 infection in the elderly. Methods: We performed a randomized controlled clinical trial (registration ID IRCT20200505047318N1) on 80 hospitalized male patients aged >50 years diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in a tertiary hospital in Qazvin (Iran) from April to July 2020. The patients were randomized into one of the 2 treatment groups using simple randomization. Treatment group patients underwent routine drug therapy and 5 mg finasteride once daily for 7 days. The primary endpoint was mortality rate and length of hospital stay (LOS), and secondary endpoints were peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and inflammatory markers changes. The study protocol was approved by the medical ethics committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (registration ID IR.QUMS.REC.1399.080). Data were analyzed by statistical tests and SPSS version 25. Also, p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: We found a significant difference on O2saturation among the 2 study groups on fifth day compared with the admission time (p= 0.018). The results did not show significant differences in mortality rate (2.5% vs 10%;p= 0.166) and LOS (p= 0.866) between patients in the finasteride and the control group. Conclusion: A short course of finasteride administration partially improves O2 saturation but does not influence other outcomes in hospitalized male patients aged >50 years with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further research in a large scale with longer follow-up is required to help clarify the role of finasteride in this setting. Copyright© Iran University of Medical Science
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Background: Pregnancy can be affected by various psychological factors. These factors have adverse effects on the woman, her fetus. While COVID-19 is a new threatening subjects with less information yet. Therefore, This study conducted to determine the relationship between stress, anxiety and depression with birth indices in pregnant women admitted to the coronary care unit of hospitals in Kerman province in 2020. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical and across-sectional study carried out in Kerman, Iran in 2020. The research samples were 315 mothers affected with Covid-19 who have hospitalized in Covid-19 critical care wards in hospitals. The subjects entered in study by convenience method. The gathering tool was a questionnaire with two parts included demographic data and DASS-21 questioner. Collected data was analysed by SPSS version 18.0 .The Significance level considered 0.05. Results: The results showed that in terms of depression, 23.5% of subjects were in severe status, in terms of anxiety 47.6% were in very severe status and finally 29.2% were in severe stress. The results showed that the variables of stress, anxiety and depression were statistically inversely related to weight and height at birth (P< 0.05), but other indicators were not significantly related(P>0.05). Conclusions: Regard to the adverse effects of stress, depression and anxiety on neonatal outcomes in patients with Covid-19 critical care wards . It is recommended to be consider to such as mental health screening programs and strategies to reduce depression and anxiety in these mothers, To be considered by the health-treatment officials of the country.
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In latest years, researchers have been concerned about the resistance, recurrence, and dormancy of viruses that occurs in the prevention and treatment of viruses. Regarding the current pandemic conditions reported not only to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (2019), but also to the SARS-CoV-1 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from 2013) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from 2018), it is mentioned that there are scientific publications that demonstrate the benefits of treatments with natural products. Some natural products rich in phytonutrients can be used as an alternative to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases along with some treatments with pharmaceuticals that are very good, but are more aggressive towards the body. Some of the natural products - to be more effective - are used in processed form - as essential oils, as products obtained by distillation under specific conditions, as tinctures or as aqueous or alcoholic extracts - these being tested by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asia is one of the continent with a tradition in natural herbal treatments, and the origin of these pandemic viruses has further driven researchers to seek and develop new techniques and methods to obtain natural products - concentrated enough to be effective but not no harm to patients. Also, the World Health Organization promotes innovations regarding new potential treatments for new viral diseases and also welcomes traditional, alternative, and complementary medicine - which can have an important role in healthcare. And because some of the viral diseases are found also in animals and humans - the researchers have a very complicated job to find therapies that not only treat and prevent but also are efficient and safe!